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Background In spite of effective strategies to eliminate mother-to-child-transmission of HIV, the implementation of such strategies remains a major challenge in developing countries. In India, programs for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) have been scaled up widely since 2005. However, these programs reach only a small percentage of pregnant women, and their overall effectiveness is low. Evidence-based program planning and implementation could significantly improve their effectiveness. Randa And The Soul Kingdom Rarity. This study sought to systematically retrieve, thematically categorize and review published research on PMTCT of HIV in India, focusing on research related to the provision and/or utilization of the cascade of services provided in a PMTCT program, in order to direct further research to enhance program implementation and effectiveness. Results A huge share of the empirical literature on PMTCT in India (N = 134) deals with epidemiological studies (N = 60).

The 46 papers related to utilization/provision of the cascade of PMTCT services were mostly from the four high HIV prevalence states in southern India and from the public sector. Studies on experiences of implementing a PMTCT program (N = 20) show high rates of drop out of women in the cascade particularly prior to receiving ARV. Studies on individual components of the cascade (N = 26) show that HIV counseling and testing is acceptable and feasible. Literature on other components of the cascade - such as pregnant women’s access to ANC care, HIV infected women’s immunological assessment using CD4 testing, repeat HIV testing among pregnant women, early infant diagnosis and factors related to linking HIV infected women and children to postnatal care – is lacking.

It has been more than 16 years since a breakthrough clinical trial (ACTG 076) demonstrated that the administration of prophylactic antiretroviral medicine - Zidovudine - to HIV-infected mothers and infants can reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV by almost 68 percent [ ]. Significant advances have been made since then in developing the science of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). A number of clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different antiretroviral drug regimens in different combinations administered for varied durations. As a result, MTCT can now be reduced to less than 2 percent from a possible 25–30 percent without any intervention [ ].